, Shirley bucket

雪利酒的制作一般避免使用新橡木桶，Solera使用的大多数酒桶都已使用十年以上。这些酒桶在用于雪利酒之前已经受葡萄酒的酒液影响了。通过各种陈酿方法，不同品种的雪利酒具有独特的风味。例如，oloroso与空气接触，有助于形成水果和坚果的味道；而Fino则通过一层酵母酒花来保护酒液受到受空气的侵害，从而使雪利酒保持清爽和新鲜。佩德罗·西梅内斯（Pedro Ximenez，通常称作PX）是由葡萄干酿制而成的，葡萄在发酵前要放在阳光下晾干。

Sherry production generally avoids the use of new oak barrels. Most barrels used by Solera have been used for more than ten years. These barrels were already affected by the liquor of the wine before they were used in sherry. Through various aging methods, different varieties of sherry have unique flavor. For example, the contact of Oloroso with air helps to form the taste of fruits and nuts; Fino protects the liquor from the air through a layer of yeast hops, so as to keep the sherry fresh and fresh. Pedro Ximenez (commonly known as PX) is brewed from raisins. Grapes should be dried in the sun before fermentation.

威士忌酒厂通常会购买欧洲的橡木桶，主要是西班牙的雪利桶。雪莉酒会浸入桶壁之中，这将对威士忌的味道和颜色产生巨大影响。用雪利桶陈酿出来的威士忌的风味一般会包括：无花果、枣、葡萄干、坚果、樱桃、肉桂、丁香、杏仁饼、姜、水果蛋糕等。

Whisky wineries usually buy European oak barrels, mainly Spanish Sherry barrels. Sherry will dip into the barrel wall, which will have a great impact on the taste and color of whisky. The flavors of Whisky Aged in sherry barrels generally include figs, dates, raisins, nuts, cherries, cinnamon, cloves, almond cakes, ginger, fruit cakes, etc.

2、波本桶

2. Bourbon barrel

波本威士忌酒桶由美国白橡木制成。美国的波本威士忌都是在新白橡木桶中熟化的。在添加波本威士忌之前，这些桶都要经过烘烤和炭化处理。此外，波本威士忌的ABV含量会影响桶的味道，ABV越高，对木桶的影响越大。基本上，较高的酒精含量会削弱酒桶烘烤和烧焦的特征强度，那用这些酒桶酿造的下一批威士忌能够得到的烘烤和焦炭的风味就会非常少了。

Bourbon barrels are made of American white oak. American Bourbon is matured in new white oak barrels. These barrels are baked and charred before adding Bourbon Whisky. In addition, the abv content of Bourbon Whisky will affect the taste of the barrel. The higher the abv, the greater the impact on the barrel. Basically, higher alcohol content will weaken the characteristic strength of barrel baking and charring, and the next batch of whisky brewed from these barrels will get very little baking and coke flavor.

苏格兰威士忌在前波旁威士忌酒桶中熟化一段时间后，酿酒师将各种桶装的威士忌混合在一起。在前波旁威士忌酒桶中陈酿的威士忌酒液通常具有金色特征。风味一般包括有椰子、香草、蜂蜜、焦糖、橡木、皮革、肉豆蔻、杏仁、奶油糖等。

After the Scotch whisky is matured in the front Bourbon Whisky barrel for a period of time, the winemaker mixes all kinds of barrels of whisky together. The whisky liquor aged in the front Bourbon barrel usually has golden characteristics. Flavors generally include coconut, vanilla, honey, caramel, oak, leather, nutmeg, almond, cream sugar, etc.

3、波特桶

3. Porter bucket

波特有几种类型，每种都有其独特的风格。茶色波特（Tawny port）的颜色为金黄色，主要在较旧的木桶中熟化，轻度氧化。茶色波特酒可以在橡木桶中陈放长达40年，而年份波特酒在桶中只需要熟化23年。红宝石波特主要是在钢制罐中成熟，以避免氧化，因此前红宝石港口的木桶很少见。

There are several types of Potter, each with its own unique style. Tawny port is golden in color, mainly matured in older wooden barrels and slightly oxidized. Tan port can be aged in oak barrels for up to 40 years, while Vintage Port only needs to mature in barrels for 2 to 3 years. Ruby Porter is mainly matured in steel tanks to avoid oxidation, so wooden barrels in the former ruby port are rare.

在桶中的陈酿会增加威士忌的柔和度和果味，风味会有所不同，具体取决于先前在酒桶中陈年的酒的类型。用前波特酒桶陈酿的威士忌一般会呈现出的风味包括：李子、黑莓、提子干、红浆果、苹果干、橡木、酸果蔓、黑巧克力等。

Aging in the barrel will increase the softness and fruitiness of the whisky, and the flavor will vary, depending on the type of wine previously aged in the barrel. Whisky Aged in pre Porter barrels generally presents flavors including plum, blackberry, dried raisins, red berries, dried apples, oak, cranberry, dark chocolate, etc.

4、冰酒桶

4. Ice wine barrel

目前为止，用前冰酒桶陈酿的威士忌非常少，但是风味很独特。比如Glenfiddich格兰菲迪的冬季暴风雨就是前冰酒酒桶陈酿的，我本人就特别喜欢。冰酒的甜味微妙的渗透到了威士忌当中，还是很吸引人的。比如Glenfiddich格兰菲迪的白色暴风雪就是在装瓶前，在前冰酒桶中完成的。

So far, there are very few whiskies aged in ice barrels, but the flavor is very unique. For example, Glenfiddich's winter storm is aged in the former ice wine barrel, which I especially like. The sweet taste of ice wine subtly penetrates into whisky, which is still very attractive. For example, Glenfiddich's white storm was completed in the front ice barrel before bottling.

5、朗姆桶

5. Rum barrel

用朗姆酒的酒桶陈酿威士忌，近年来非常流行。难怪，因为这些酒桶给威士忌添加了甜美的热带香气，而且往往很容易获取到这些风味。朗姆酒的酒桶由美国橡木制成。朗姆酒种类繁多，因此每种朗姆酒都会对酒液产生独特的影响。朗姆酒桶制成的威士忌也为鸡尾酒制作增色不少。

Whisky Aged in rum barrels has become very popular in recent years. No wonder, because these barrels add sweet tropical aroma to whisky, and these flavors are often easy to obtain. The barrels of rum are made of American oak. There are many kinds of rum, so each kind of rum will have a unique impact on the liquor. Whisky made from rum barrels also adds color to cocktail making.

用朗姆酒桶陈酿的威士忌，风味特征主要包括：香草、热带水果、杏、焦糖、肉桂、成熟的香蕉、胡椒、糖蜜等。

The flavor characteristics of Whisky Aged in rum barrel mainly include vanilla, tropical fruit, apricot, caramel, cinnamon, mature banana, pepper, molasses, etc.

6、干邑桶

6. Cognac bucket

干邑白兰地的酒桶是由法国橡木制成，这些酒桶将为威士忌带来丰富和微妙的果味。干邑白兰地的酒桶往往很旧，因为白兰地可以陈年50年。用前干邑桶陈酿的威士忌，风味特征通常包括：提子干、甘草、橡木、水果、坚果、焦糖等。不过用前干邑桶陈酿的威士忌比较少见，这款雅柏（阿贝）就是用这种酒桶陈酿的。

The barrels of cognac brandy are made of French oak. These barrels will bring rich and subtle fruit flavor to whisky. The barrel of cognac brandy is often very old, because brandy can age to 50 years. The flavor characteristics of Whisky Aged in cognac barrels usually include raisin, licorice, oak, fruit, nuts, caramel, etc. However, Whisky Aged in pre cognac barrels is rare. This Yabo (Abbe) is aged in this barrel.

7、葡萄酒桶

7. Wine barrel

这些酒桶通常由法国橡木制成。红葡萄酒桶和白葡萄酒桶都可以用来陈酿威士忌，尽管这还不那么普遍，而且这些装瓶往往是限量版。风味范围因葡萄品种而异。有些红酒比较辛辣、醇厚，而另一些则比较轻盈、果味更重。白葡萄酒可以带出黄油般的质感和草香风味。

These barrels are usually made of French oak. Both red wine barrels and white wine barrels can be used to age whisky, although this is not so common, and these bottles are often limited edition. The range of flavors varies from grape variety to grape variety. Some wines are spicy and mellow, while others are lighter and more fruity. White wine can bring out butter like texture and grass flavor.

前葡萄酒酒桶陈酿威士忌的风格特征主要包括：红色浆果、樱桃、李子、面包、焦糖、青苹果、梨、黄油等。

The style characteristics of Whisky Aged in the front wine barrel mainly include: red berries, cherries, plums, bread, caramel, green apples, pears, butter, etc.

通过选用不同类型和不同尺寸的酒桶，酿酒师可以创造出不同风味的威士忌。他们可以使用一系列相同的酒桶，例如，不同的前波本威士忌酒，或混合和搭配从波本桶到朗姆桶的各种酒桶类型。不过，以原桶强度装瓶、不经过冷滤、人工填色或其他干扰，尽量以原始面貌呈现给人们，可能是很多威士忌酿酒师的追求。

By selecting different types and sizes of barrels, winemakers can create whisky with different flavors. They can use a series of the same barrels, for example, different pre Bourbon whiskies, or mix and match various barrel types from Bourbon to rum. However, it may be the pursuit of many whisky winemakers to bottle with the strength of the original barrel, without cold filtration, artificial coloring or other interference, and try to present the original appearance to people.

知道了这些以后，对于威士忌酒标上的Single Cask单桶、Double Cask双桶、Triple Cask三桶的术语就很容易理解了。

After knowing these, it is easy to understand the terms of Single Cask, double cask and triple cask on the label of whisky.

单桶威士忌（Single Cask/Barrel），指的是瓶内的威士忌是来自单一橡木桶。因为即便是同样的蒸馏批次、木桶类型、入桶时间和时长，但是，如果不是出自同一个橡木桶，所酿出来的威士忌的风味依然是不同的。也就是说，单桶威士忌强调的是风格和口感的独特性。

Single Cask / barrel refers to that the whisky in the bottle comes from a single oak barrel. Because even if it is the same distillation batch, barrel type, barrel entry time and time, the flavor of whisky is still different if it is not from the same oak barrel. In other words, single barrel whisky emphasizes the uniqueness of style and taste.

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